What is one impact of surface type on urban areas compared to rural areas?

The correct response highlights the phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. Urban areas are characterized by a predominance of surfaces such as concrete, asphalt, and buildings, which absorb and retain heat more than the natural vegetation found in rural areas. This results in urban environments experiencing higher surface temperatures, particularly during the day and into the evening.

The heat generated by human activities, coupled with the limited vegetation and increased impervious surfaces, further exacerbates this effect. In contrast, rural areas generally possess more vegetation, which helps to cool the environment through shading and evapotranspiration. Therefore, the significant difference in surface type and cover between urban and rural areas leads to elevated temperatures in urban settings due to their structural and material composition.