What term describes the reflection of shortwave radiation that is scattered upward?

The term that describes the reflection of shortwave radiation that is scattered upward is albedo. Albedo refers specifically to the reflectivity of a surface, quantifying how much solar radiation is reflected back into space without being absorbed. It is often expressed as a percentage, with higher values indicating a greater capacity to reflect sunlight.

In the context of physical geography, albedo is significant because it affects local and global climate systems. For example, surfaces like ice and snow have high albedo, reflecting a large portion of incoming solar energy, while darker surfaces such as forests or oceans have lower albedo and absorb more sunlight.

This concept is essential when studying how different types of land cover and surface coloration can influence temperature and weather patterns. Understanding albedo helps meteorologists and climatologists make predictions about climate change and its effects on earth’s temperature.

Other terms, while relevant to radiation and energy transfer, do not specifically address the reflection characteristic being questioned. For instance, absorption focuses on the energy taken in by surfaces, transmittance pertains to the passing of radiation through a medium, and diffusion relates to the scattering of radiation in multiple directions without being defined by reflection alone.