What term is used for waves that hit land before the main storm arrives?

The term "storm surge" refers to the phenomenon where water levels rise significantly in response to an approaching storm, particularly hurricanes or other intense weather systems. This event occurs when strong winds from the storm push water towards the shore, causing an increase in sea level in coastal areas before the storm itself makes landfall. This rise in water level can lead to flooding, erosion, and other hazardous conditions along the coastline.

While high tide is a natural fluctuation in sea level due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, it is not specifically related to storm activity. Backlash is not a commonly used term in this context and does not accurately describe this phenomenon. Swells are longer-period waves generated by distant wind but do not signify the immediate impact of a storm; rather, they can occur well in advance of a storm and are not specifically tied to storm conditions. Therefore, "storm surge" is the most accurate term for waves that hit land in anticipation of the main storm's arrival, making it the correct choice.