When does the Earth reach its farthest distance from the Sun?

The Earth reaches its farthest distance from the Sun, known as aphelion, around July 4th each year. This phenomenon occurs as the Earth follows its elliptical orbit around the Sun, which means that its distance from the Sun varies throughout the year. Aphelion typically happens in early July, making this the correct choice.

The other dates mentioned correspond to different events in relation to the Earth's position, such as perihelion, when the Earth is closest to the Sun, which usually occurs around January 3rd. The summer and winter solstices, referenced by June 21st, mark the longest and shortest days of the year, respectively, but they do not relate to the Earth's distance from the Sun in terms of aphelion or perihelion. March 21st is close to the spring equinox, a time when day and night are approximately equal, but it similarly does not pertain to the Earth's farthest distance from the Sun.