Which climate is defined by very high temperatures and rare rainfall during the high-sun season?

The climate characterized by very high temperatures and rare rainfall during the high-sun season is indeed the Dry Tropical climate. This climate is typically found in regions near the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, where the sun's rays are most direct, resulting in extremely high temperatures throughout the year.

In a Dry Tropical climate, the high-sun season, which corresponds to the summer months, sees minimal rainfall, leading to arid conditions. During this time, the landscape can become stark and dry, often dominated by desert vegetation. Such climates are a product of the subtropical high-pressure systems that suppress cloud formation, leading to very little precipitation.

The other climate types do not align with the criteria given. For instance, the Mediterranean climate features a distinct wet season during the winter months, and while it can have hot summers, it does not have the extreme dryness characteristic of the Dry Tropical climate. The Wet Equatorial climate is defined by high temperatures along with abundant rainfall throughout the year, while the Moist Subtropical climate typically experiences more rainfall and milder temperatures compared to the extremes found in Dry Tropical regions.