Which climatic type has very cold conditions, often too dry to sustain trees?

The high-latitude climate classified as Tundra is characterized by very cold temperatures and a short growing season. In these climatic conditions, the environment is typically too harsh for most trees to thrive; instead, only hardy vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and small flowering plants can survive. The soils in tundra regions often remain frozen, a condition known as permafrost, which further limits the plant life available.

This climatic zone experiences minimal precipitation, usually in the form of snow, which adds to the aridity and reinforces the difficulty for tree growth. The combination of low temperatures and a short period of warmth during the summer ensures that conditions remain inhospitable for larger plants like trees, making the tundra a unique and distinctive biome within high-latitude climates. In contrast, the other options involve different conditions that can support some tree growth or have varying climates that do not fit the specific characteristics of the tundra.