Which midlatitude climate is characterized by a dry summer?

The Mediterranean climate is characterized by a distinct dry summer, which sets it apart from other midlatitude climates. This climate typically experiences warm to hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The dryness in summer is often attributed to high-pressure systems that dominate the region during this season, leading to reduced rainfall.

The climate is usually found on the west coasts of continents, between about 30° and 45° latitude. Regions with a Mediterranean climate, like parts of Southern California, central Chile, and the Mediterranean Basin itself, support a diverse range of vegetation, including drought-tolerant plants and shrubs, commonly known as Mediterranean vegetation. These adaptations help sustain plant life during the long, dry summers.

In contrast, other midlatitude climates, such as the Moist Continental and Marine West-Coast, feature different seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation. The Moist Continental climate typically has cold winters and warm summers, with significant precipitation throughout the year, while the Marine West-Coast climate receives consistent moisture year-round, without the pronounced dry summer characteristic of the Mediterranean. The Dry Subtropical climate, while also dry, does not coincide with the midlatitude designation as closely and often corresponds more with desert or semi-arid regions.